Self-Deception in Macbeth free essay sample

In the expressions of Bemos Thenes, â€Å"Nothing is simpler then self-duplicity for what man wishes that he likewise accepts to be valid. † Self misleading is a human shortcoming. It implies that despite the fact that something perhaps off-base and false if an individual trusts it enough it will happen. Regardless of what somebody may state, it is difficult to change ones sentiment since that is the thing that the individual really accepts. This is depicted in William Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, through the activities of different characters. Shakespeare obviously shows the possibility of self-duplicity through their activities and how this self-misleading prompts moral issue. Macbeth is a play that is about double dealing. Directly from the earliest starting point when the three witches meet to talk, the state of mind being nothing is very as it appears is set when they state â€Å"Fair is fowl and foul is reasonable, Hover through mist and squalid air† (I: I: 11-12). This statement causes it to appear that something awful will happen soon, and it additionally causes the disposition to appear to be dull and evil. The three witches have a huge job in causing characters, for example, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to become self-double dealing. The three witches know precisely what will occur on the off chance that they reveal to Macbeth their prescience, however they choose to let him know such that he deciphers all off-base, and doesn’t really think about him for Macbeth. Hecate, the fundamental witch, says to the three witches â€Å"And all you realize security is humans chiefest adversary. † (III: V: 32-33). This implies comfort and pomposity in yourself is the most exceedingly terrible thing for you; it will at last carry you to your defeat, which is actually what they are attempting to do to Macbeth. Despite the fact that the witches constrained Macbeth to act naturally misleading, Lady Macbeth did to. Woman Macbeth is a character that is truly adept at convincing to get what she needs. She was the person who pushed Macbeth to kill Duncan in any event, when he had his questions, she caused him to think everything would work out and that it was the proper activity, she made his self-double dealing. By saying â€Å"Look like the blameless blossom yet the snake under it† (I: V: 73-74), she is causing him to proceed with the homicide and to accept and play it off like it will end up being great at long last. Despite the fact that Lady Macbeth assists with making her better half self-double dealing, she too demonstrates to ever be self-misleading. She acts like she isn't influenced by the ongoing occasions brought about by her and her better half however then separates. The staggering sentiment of disappointment that she continues attempting to play off shields her from resting soundly and eating regularly. During her rest Lady Macbeth started to talk in her rest, something she said was that â€Å"all the aromas of Arabia won't improve this little hand. † (V: I: 47). This was giving her blame towards the homicide of Duncan and that she can't forget about it. Not long after this is said she ends it all. Macbeth is the character Shakespeare utilized most to depict his concept of self-misleading through. Macbeth was made to act naturally double dealing in light of the witches’ prediction that presented to him his pomposity and an excess of consolation. In any case, his significant other likewise made him thusly. Woman Macbeth scrutinized his masculinity when he needed to stop and not proceed with the arrangement and caused him to accept what they were doing ought to occur and will turn out to be consummately for them. During the play Macbeth accepts what the witches let him know. He accepts so much that in any event, when everything begins self-destructing, he returns to the witches to perceive what else they state. He continue imagining this is what’s expected to occur and it’s going to begin being better soon. In spite of the fact that Macbeth accepts that all is well, much the same as Lady Macbeth he is losing rest over the blame. Macbeth started to get consecrated of getting captured, so to cover it up he continued killing individuals. He began with Duncan’s monitors so they couldn’t have the option to recount to individuals their story, next was his closest companion Banquo on the grounds that he was apprehensive Banquo would tell individuals his doubts, and afterward was Macduffs family, attempting to get to Macduff yet he wasn’t there. Subsequent to making a decent attempt to cover everything up, and being so self-trickery Macbeth at last beginning so observe the end and what’s truly coming to them. â€Å"The approach to dusty passing. Out, out brief flame! Life’s however a mobile shadow, a helpless player That swaggers and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more: it is a story Told by a blockhead, full solid and fierceness, meaning nothing. † (V: V: 25-30). This is the statement Macbeth says when he knows what’s wanting him, however he despite everything ends up being self-misleading by tuning in to what the witches revealed to him that he can't be murdered by somebody conceived of a ladies. Macbeth by and by intuition he’s strong doesn’t understand that somebody who was conceived of a cesarean segment could execute him, since they are not in fact conceived of a lady. Macbeth didn't know Macduff was brought into the world like that, and it is the reason Macduff is the one to execute Macbeth. In synopsis, self-trickiness is the human shortcoming that at long last will carry you to a destruction. Appeared through the deceptive, avarice, and arrogance of characters, William Shakespeare has shown self-double dealing the crowd and perusers of his disastrous play Macbeth. This play shows how trickery is begun and what it does to you, for Macbeth and Lady Macbeth it began being something to be thankful for, Macbeth was King as we needed, however everything returned to them and caused them into craziness, driving them both to death.

Cost of Capital Essay

1. WACC is utilized for limiting incomes later on, along these lines all the modules of cost must reflect firm’s future capacities in raising capital. Cohen tragically used the chronicled information in evaluating the expense of obligation yet the offer cost has changed significantly after some time. The market estimation of value ought to be utilized rather than book esteem. 2. Cohen computes the expense of obligation by taking complete intrigue cost for the year 2001 and separating it by the company’s normal obligation balance. This is a gauge of the genuine expense of obligation, yet is mistaken and may not reflect Nike’s current or future expense of obligation. 3. Cohen acquired the corporate assessment pace of 38% which is utilized to ascertain the balanced expense of obligation by adding state duties of 3% to the U. S. legal duty rate 35%. In WACC figuring, minor duty rate ought to be utilized as a corporate expense rate for the future gauge. We can utilize Yield to Maturity (YTM) on 20-year Nike Inc. Bond gave in1996 of 6. 75% Cost of Equity The 20-year old U. S. treasury utilized by Cohen for a momentary venture of NorthPoint for the transient 3 months to 1 year yields is increasingly appropriate. Given the hazard free rate (Rf) of 5. 74%, the market hazard premium (Rm-Rf) of 5. 90% and beta estimation of 0. 80, we can compute the expense of value utilizing the CAPM as follows: Cost of value = Rf + ? *(Rm-Rf) = 5. 75%+0. 80(5. 90%) = 10. 46% Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) We compute the WACC of Nike Inc. utilizing the loads and expenses of obligation and value utilizing the accompanying recipe WACC = Wd Kd(1-T) + We Ke. = 10. 05% x 7. 5 %( 1-38%) + 10. 46% x 89. 95% = 0. 4682% + 9. 4083% = 9. 8765% The weighted normal expense of capital for Nike Inc. is roughly 10% percent. Proposal Given the stock cost at WACC of approx. 10% ,stock cost ought to be more prominent than $50. 92, which is higher than current stock cost $42. 09. This shows the current supply of Nike is underestimated and is limited pace of 11. 17%. Cohen’s WACC of 8. 4% of the stock was underestimated contrasted with 10%. Consequently Kim Ford ought to put resources into the Nike for her shared store.

To what extent can personality traits predict a persons leadership Essay

Whatever degree can character characteristics foresee a people administration capacities - Essay Example In the first place, it is essential to clarify why Hitler was a terrible pioneer. He absolutely was liable for the passings of a huge number of individuals. That in itself is terrible. Be that as it may, we know over all that Hitler was a terrible pioneer since he left his nation in ruins. He, more than anybody elseâ€including the alliesâ€was the explanation that Germany was a partitioned, annihilated nation in 1945. His unpredictable, haughty, and dismal character could have anticipated that horrendous outcome (Robertson 1963). In any case, history is essential to placing Hitler's character into point of view. World War One was a calamity for Germany. Many state that the war started because of German animosity finished with a German annihilation. The champs of the war, Britain and France, were not in a mind-set to excuse after the awful demolition of past four years. They needed greatest reparations from the German individuals for their misfortunes during the war. That is the reason they decided to force the Treaty of Versailles. The arrangement was damaging for the German economy. Into this chaos came Hitler, promising a restoration. He guaranteed another Germany that would last a thousands years and would be a directing light to the world. What kind of man right? Hitler was a bombed painter. He originated from a foundation that was not generally excellent. He acted inconsistently and experienced difficulty making great associations with individuals. He had gaudy thoughts regarding himself, however for an amazing duration until that point had been a disappointment in all that he did. These were not the character attributes one searches for in a pioneer. Generally, individuals look for pioneers from great foundation, who have certainty and certifications. Hitler figured out how to speak to individuals since he censured others for Germany's misery. He revealed to Germans that they were not liable for the catastrophe that had occurred for them. He advised them to look somewhere else. He said he would lead them out of the wild (Robertson 1963). This was all exceptionally engaging. He had the option to take over forcibly dependent on this contentions. Instead of rebel against him, Germans acknowledged him as their pioneer. In any case, what his character and his characteristics provided for the German individuals was more passing and more demolition. On account of his flighty character and low qualities, he committed various errors in beginning and arraignment the Second World War. His activities prompted another and this time all out annihilation for the German country. He was the most noticeably awful sort of pioneer and a large number of his character characteristics would have anticipated this. Among the most genuine missteps Hitler made dependent on his character was assaulting the Soviet Union in 1941. In all actuality one of his principle character characteristics was distrustfulness: this is certainly not a decent quality to ha ve in a pioneer. He presumed everybody around him consistently, including the pioneers of different nations with which he made arrangements, for example, Stalin. Since the remilitarization of the Rhineland in 1936, Hitler had been doing great, winning a great many triumphs. He had effectively assumed control over Czechoslovakia and Austria, and he had done what appeared to be unthinkable: the attack of Poland and France. His western front could be undermined distinctly by Britain, which was in no situation to do as such. His significant concern was with the Eastern front. That was not an issue since he had made harmony with Stalin in what was known as the Ribbentrop-Molotov smaller. This had partitioned Poland. The reality of the situation was that Stalin couldn't have cared less what Hitler did to Europe. Stalin couldn't have cared less if Hitler took the entire landmass such a long time as there was harmony between the two

Biotechnology Genetically Engineered Soybeans Essay

Biotechnology Genetically Engineered Soybeans - Essay Example This lightens the requirement for same species to initiate the hereditary changes which can be transmitted in the resulting offspring. The other explicit element of this innovation is plausibility of overlooking regenerative similarity inside the species with a quickened age of new offspring with the prompted phenotypic and genotypic characters. It is to be viewed as that hereditary building empowers researchers to present the DNA parts of a remote life form into an arrangement through a completely fake way, which could be normally uncertain and has all likelihood of being erratic, regardless of being special (Stacey et al., 2004). The soybean is viewed as a significant wellspring of protein in human and creature sustenance, and it is additionally a wellspring of vegetable oil. Soybean is additionally viewed as a monetarily significant vegetable, However, normally there are numerous varieties in the phenotype of the seed, and this is unmistakable in seed weight. The bean in soybean is one of a kind since it collects elevated levels of protein and oil, and a normal soybean seed has been accounted for to contain 40% of protein and 20% of oil by weight. Along these lines the penchant of a bigger size of seed and weight would guarantee that protein and oil per seed can be impressively expanded if the heaviness of the seed could be expanded using any and all means (Clemente and Cahoon, 2009). To begin with hereditary alteration of soybean was practiced to accomplish herbicide open minded soybeans since these prompted improved yields and diminished utilization of pesticides. In particular, the upsides of herbicide op en minded soybeans were improved weed control, huge decrease of soil disintegration the yield fields, decrease in injury to the harvest, and diminished expense on fills. Along these lines, the goal of this hereditary adjustment was to prompt improved yields. Verifiably, crop assortments that oppose maladies have been favored by cultivators due for the most part to their improved quality attributes. One such model is hereditarily designed soybeans that are open minded to nonselective herbicides, for example, glyphosphate. Foliar organization of herbicide glyphosphate can slaughter soy plants, and therefore hereditarily designed glyphosphate open minded soybeans was a decision promptly since during developing season, glyphosphate may impressively decrease the yield (Qin and Lynne, 2007). This particular variety would permit the ranchers to utilize glyphosphate to control weeds yet not lose on the harvest yield. Explicit Alteration The particular modification includes presentation of a solitary quality in the business soybeans. This brought about elevated level of glyphosphate resistance to the soybean plants. A solitary quality encoding the glyphosphate lenient 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase was presented in the soybean genome. This was gotten from Agrobacterium Sp. Strain CP4. 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase is known to be available in plants and microorganisms as a segment of shikimate pathway to incorporate sweet-smelling amino acids. Glyphosphate resistance locus could be distinguished in the glyphosphate open minded locus in GTS 40-3-2, which had been concentrated to be a steady and straightforward prevailing attribute that can be moved across ages through

empiricism Essay -- essays research papers

Experimentation Experimentation naturally is the conviction that there is no information without experience. How might one realize what something suggests a flavor like in the event that they have never tasted it? For instance, would somebody realize that an apple is red on the off chance that they have never really have seen one. Somebody can reveal to you an apple is red, in any case, in the event that you never have seen one, can you truly be certain? Empiricists utilize three stay focuses in which they get their conclusions from. The first of these focuses is; the main wellspring of real information is sense understanding. A simpler method to comprehend this is to contrast the brain with a spotless wipe. As the wipe contacts things, it takes with it, a bit of all that it contacts. Without this, the wipe would stay clean and be drained of something besides its own material. With this end, empiricist accepts we should be content with the information we have within reach, instead of things we have not yet been conscious of. The subsequent grapple point is; Reason is a temperamental and deficient course to information except if it is grounded in the strong bedrock of sense understanding. Empiricists accept that the entirety of our words implications are gotten from our encounters. Everything can be followed back to a solitary second in our lives. Empiricists comprehend that reason is fundamental in helping us make our experience clear, however reason alone can't give information. The third stay point is; there is no proof of inborn Ideas inside the psyche that are known separated for a fact. This means the psyche doesn't have thoughts that are not supported by understanding. For no situation are there from the earlier facts that can both tell about the world and are known separated as a matter of fact. When posed the three epistemological inquiries the three empiricists all have various answers. The first of these inquiries is; is information conceivable? John Locke (1632-1704) states â€Å"Knowledge, nonetheless, isn't something lying out there in the grass; it is situated in our psyches. So to comprehend information we need to break down the substance of our brains and see what they enlighten us regarding the world† (pg. 93). Locke accepts that the entirety of our realized facts are comprised of straightforward thoughts. Straightforward thoughts are what make up the basic components of everything else we know to be consistent with us today. For instance, they comprise of thoughts such, hot and cool, delicate and hard, unpleasant and sweet. They likewise give us experience through are own psychological o... ...s impractical for our insight to genuinely speak to what reality truly is. He accepts that â€Å"the just conviction that we can have concerns the connections of our own thoughts. Since these decisions just concern the domain of thoughts, they don't educate us regarding the outer world† (p. 108). This implies any information about reality must be founded on a posteriori decisions. These decisions are made by Hume since he accepts its absolutely impossible to have a genuine reality through information since you just increase information through experience. All in all, Hume expresses that numerous empiricists found that the truth is an unthinkable objective to comprehend. By and large, Empiricists accept that there is no information without experience. While their individual perspectives may contrast, their crucial thoughts are utilized to make decisions about hypotheses on the planet. Every one of these men have thoughts regarding how information is utilized and what it makes for every individual. Through every one of these speculations it is clear that information and the truth are hard to access in such an entangled world. References Lawhead, William F., The Philosophical Journey: An Interactive Approach, Second Edition. McGraw-Hill, 2003.

Generally Unrelated to General Relativity

Generally Unrelated to General Relativity This semester, Im taking a graduate class in General Relativity that conflicts with lunchtime in pretty much every single reference frame. Let me repeat that for emphasis. Conflicts. With. Lunch, the refuge of covert slackers since time immemorial, an oasis of idle leisure amidst the dessicated hours between 12 and 5 pm. Recall that the most cherished hallmark of the American K-12 education system, besides the fostering of creativity and free-thinking, is the venerated observance of Lunchtime in the plasticky temple of Cafeteria (often accompanied by the brutal rituals of Recess for the worship of spherical projectiles and various incarnations of tag). Never, in a dozen years of pre-college schooling, was the sin of Scheduling-Anything-During-Lunch whispered within the tender earshot of young, impressionable students training diligently to become Pokemon masters. Never was any child denied the pursuit of half-squashed peanut butter jelly sandwiches and phalanx-like carrot sticks at e xactly 11:55 AM. Never did I learn the definition of a standard deviation until six weeks ago*, probably because it was taught at 11:54 AM and my watch was running fast that day in 9th grade. (As a result, whenever a classmate uttered a complaint like, “I was five standard deviations below the mean on the last test,” my response was along the lines of, “Cool, you sound like a fascinating and unique person.”) *Has anyone else ever noticed that the definition of standard deviation is horrifically incomprehensible in standard English? Inevitably, you end up saying something like, “The square root of the average of the square of the deviation from the average equals the deviation of the average of the square from the square of the average. No, its not a riddle.” On the other hand, General Relativity has been an eye-opening experience on the days when Ive drank enough coffee that it hasnt been an eye-closing experience. For instance: 1.The more I learn about General Relativity, the less Im sure of what a vector is. Right now, my internal definition of a vector is “something that has intrinsic pointiness.” (This also happens to be my internal definition of kitchen knives, needles, pineapples, pine cones, sharp-beaked birds, and points.) In four weeks, Ill probably tell you that a vector is the Shroud of Turin or something. 2.Graduate students are people just like you and me, except that they like to talk about how magnetization is like a covariant vector. Ex: Me: “Hey, can I borrow a sheet of paper?” Grad student: “Magnetization is sort of like a covariant vector. Yippee!” 3.You can turn a coffee mug into a donut if youre really gentle. (This is literally the extent to which we covered topology.) Also, a small person living on your coffee mug cant tell that its now a donut unless they either figure out the metric or discover that the fundamental particle of his universe is sugar. 4.Lowercase Greek letters all look the same when piled onto a 5-indexed tensor. Specifically, they all look like os scribbled by someone who failed penmanship class. 5.Whenever someone talks about tensor contraction, I have trouble resisting the urge to say, “Cant we all just relax?” (The same applies for mention of stress-energy tensors.) In retrospect, taking Special Relativity last semester was like eating a large bowl of Lucky Charms at 5 AM after spending a bleary all-nighter solving cardboard-flavored textbook problems in classical mechanics. As the sunrise smears over oiled skies like raw egg yolk, your tired soul is momentarily uplifted by the sight of hearts, stars, rainbows, clovers, gammas, and uppercase-lambdas pouring into your plastic cereal bowl, rinsing away the dullness of frictionless pulleys and massless ropes in a crayon-colored flood of sugary milk. Two hours later, youre hungry again and feeling awfully inertial. General relativity, by analogy, is brunch. Speaking of brunch, I had it, non-metaphorically. On a cold Sunday morning two weeks ago, I pestered Jess 12 so much that she agreed to spend a miniature fortune with me, portmanteauing two meals into one ultra-(price/class/tast)y monster of a gustatory hybrid. In context, I was making $10.75/hour at the time working near X-ray radiation, so I figured that the phrase, “Money is short and so is life,” probably applied to me. With due disregard for financial management, Jess and I walked over to Craigie on Main, a cozy upscale restaurant just around the corner from MIT, swankily cuddled in a block of the usual college-student haunts (pizza parlor open til 3 AM, ice cream shop with a penchant for creative caffeine, the Canonical Cheap Chinese restaurant, etc.) Flanked by tall mugs of hot strong coffee, we seated ourselves at the counter and watched the cooks inscribe isosceles toast into circular plates. Jess first course was a miniature sugar-crusted donut, pliant and warm as a fresh corpse lying in a puddle of caramel gore. (Despite my attempt to make Jess choice of appetizer sound Hitchcockishly unappetizing, it was actually pretty good. Nice job, Jess.) Endowed with slightly more civilized tastes, I started with a scoop of coriander and cashew granola, pleasantly crunchy with the mildest hint of curry. Next was a plate of citrus-cured arctic char and sablefish, curled and piled onto toasted bagels smothered in cream cheese. Also, I had caviar for brunch. This is now on my resume, in case you were wondering. For her main course, Jess ordered the grass-fed house-brined corned beef hash with slow-poached egg and onion rings and too many hyphens. My conscience forces me to admit that this was unequivocally delicious. The beef revealed itself in tender, melt-in-mouth morsels of rich, velvety saltiness snuggled in blankets of briny, creamy, and crispy. Dessert was a glass of sour milk pannacotta drizzled with a few sweet spoonfuls of blackberry coulis. And then I went back to school and ate cereal out of a Ziplock bag during lunch while unlearning about vectors.

An analytical study of the approaches to operations management - Free Essay Example

This report is aimed at comparing and contrasting the approaches to operations management in at different types of organisations. Operations management is a core contributor to a firms success and developing competency is widely recognized as a key factor in determining the strategic and competitive advantage of the firm. The author has chosen two broad categories of organizations i.e. product based and service based to analyse the practises and mutual differences between the approaches. The report begins by identification of different types of operations/transformation process in the chosen organizations and analysis of their suitability and adequacy. This is followed by a critical analysis of principles and concepts in terms of capacity planning, inventory management, supply chain design, performance measures and total quality management. The report concludes with an evaluation of the combination of these factors and its impact on competitiveness, innovation and sustain ability of the different types of organizations being studied in this academic exercise. Operations Management an overview Operations management is an important area in managing a firm. It can be defined as the area of management related to design and operation of business processes in production of goods or services. In a nutshell, it is the transformation of resources into product and/or services as depicted in figure 1. The competitive advantage of a firm is directly impacted by the efficiency of utilization of available resources satisfying customer demand. (Slack et al 1995, Voss, 1995) Figure 1: Operations Management ( from sussex.ac.uk) Operations management serves the function of managing the process of converting inputs in terms of materials, labor, and energy into outputs in the form of goods and/or services. It is critical to ensure that the strategic direction of the firm is maintained by executing the tactical decisions of resource utilization to ensure tha t competitive advantage is maintained (Schmenner et al, 1998). A suitable example of efficient operations management is Apple Inc. Apple is a multinational corporation that designs and markets computers and related products and services. The firm manages its operations in a way that it ensures that the demand is met by the supply but at the same time it doesnt need to stock large quantities of products in warehouses (figure 2) i.e. Apple has a fast inventory turn over rate. (Gamet, 2009) Figure 2: Warehouse solution for a fast inventory turn over organization Operations Management encompasses a number of theoretical concepts, suitability and application of which varies within and across the organizations (Figure 3). Key factors include but are not limited to capacity planning, inventory management, supply chain design, performance measures and total quality management. In goods based organizations the concepts of inventory, supply chain, quality and capacity planning are highl y critical. Where as, in service based organizations factors relating to human resources, performance and quality management are given prime importance. (Bayraktar et al, 2007) Figure 3: Factors in Operations management The concept of operational strategies encompasses the plans for ordering raw material, converting them to finished product, storing and selling to the customer. Its implementation is often mismanaged in the fast changing environment in the highly globalized markets at present. The management problems in the area of operations management comprise of quantitative, social, technical issues and their complex mixtures (Liet al, 2000) Quantitative problems may include factors relating to planning, critical path analysis, supply chain management etc. Technical issues may consist of factors relating to automation, optimization, scheduling etc. Social factors may include human resource management, outsourcing etc. It is worth noting that these issues are not isolated an d independent of each other but they affect the effectiveness of the overall operations management in the business. Therefore it is essential to manage these problem areas to ensure that the overall operations management is not impacted adversely by these factors. To stay competitive a business needs to evolve so as to ensure that alternative course of actions can be adopted as per the available resources while effectively managing change (Volberda, 1999). The Human resources i.e. people in an organization are extremely important in operations, process and performance management process. The success of an organization is directly proportional to the success and satisfaction of its employees. Therefore from an operational point of view it is important for the business to employ and retain the right people for growth, profitability and sustainable business (Pfeffer, 1998). Analysis of operations process in different types of Organizations To understand how operations differ i n different types of organization the case of an Aircraft manufacturer versus an airline operator is considered. The basis of this analysis is competitive priority and marketing strategy. The different types of operations process in these organizations will be identified and their adequacy to meet the customers needs assessed to understand the key factors of operations management. The very first and the most basic difference in the organizations chosen in this case study is that the aircraft manufacturer deals in the production of aircrafts and allied services for its customers while the airline operator deals solely in the provision of logistic services. For the purpose of simplicity and ease of understanding, the author has considered only the production of aircraft and provision of logistics to mark a clear distinction between goods based and services based organizations. To maintain competitive advantage both types of companies need to ensure that their operations are managed efficiently for keeping the costs under control and thereby offering the goods and services to their customers at competitive rate while ensuring maximum profitability (Frohlich et al, 2002). The aircraft manufacturer invests heavily in research and design as it needs to do it right the very first time. Due to the scale of operation, the various functions are distributed globally, thus efficient inventory, capacity and supply chain management are essential. Total quality management and performance are also needed to maintain the competitive and marketing advantage (Chow, 2002). The airline operator on the other hand relies on the aircraft supplied by the manufacturer to provide service to its customers. The operator doesnt need to maintain an inventory of planes but it has to ensure that it utilizes its capacity to maximum possible for providing competitive fares to its customers. The performance metrics for the airline are different as it has to ensure timely flight operation w hich again is essential from the marketing strategy point of view (Rae, 2001). The adequacy and suitability of the key theoretical principles and concepts in operations management are discussed in the next section of this case study. Evaluation of Operation Management concepts in different Organizations As discussed in the previous sections of this report, Operation Management is a key function in organizations whether they are product based or service based. In this section we look at the operations management practices in these industries. Product Based Industries We take a look at the operations management practices in a manufacturing company. These practices include utilization of techniques such as Kaizen, Just in Time, Kanban etc for managing operations. Inventory management and capacity planning are of prime importance to ensure that the raw materials and finished goods are maintained at optimum levels. Thus, various functions within the organization interact w ith the Operation Management function (Slack et al, 2007). The engineering or technical function interacts in the space of understanding process needs and analyzing the new options available. The Product development function deals with understanding of capabilities and constraints as well as managing and introducing products. The marketing function deals with understanding of market requirements. The information technology function deals with provision of systems for design, planning, control and improvement. The Human resource function interacts in understanding the recruitment, development and training needs as well as employee welfare. The Accounting and finance division deals with cashflow and financial analysis of performance and decisions. Thus it can be noted that operations management sits in the centre of the various functions and thus is essential for the sustainability and growth of the organization (as shown in figure 4). Figure 4: Positioning of Operations Management in an organizations business functions. Service Based Industries Efficient Operations Management is equally important in service industry. As the inputs in service industry are intangible human resources and intellect the operations management challenges are different. Techniques such as Agile development, collaborative and distributed working are key factors in maintaining the competitive advantage and sustainability. (Johnston, 1999) Like manufacturing, various functions within the organization interact with the Operation Management function. The interactions and interfaces are similar but the relative functions vary due to the nature of industry. The technical function operates in the space of understanding process needs, maintaining intellectual property and analyzing the new options. The Service development function deals with understanding of human resources capabilities and constraints as well as managing and introducing products. The information technology function is of great importance as it forms the backbone of the modern service industry. The relative roles of marketing, human resource and finance function remain the same. Integrated Products and Services This is a new and emerging industry segment, which has been pioneered by industry veterans like Rolls Royce. A fundamental shift is occurring at the firm which is moving away from selling products to the provision of services. Instead of selling engines and then providing maintenance contracts, the company is now offering power by the hour contracts. Under this new system, it leases engines to airlines while remaining responsible for their maintenance. In this sector, lower costs are achievable only by applying service experience of the existing products in the design of next generation of products. (Anon, cam.ac.uk, 2011) Impact on competitiveness, innovation and sustainability Effective operations management practises are vital for maintaining competitive advantage, innovatin g in the market and sustainability of the organization. History is filled with examples of firms that employed novel operations management practises and succeeded in creating a niche of their own in the market space. A prominent example is the Ford Assembly Line. The assembly line was not the brainchild of Henry Ford but he simply adopted and implemented it in a way that mass production of cars became possible. By implementing the Moving Assembly Line, Ford was able to bring production costs to an all time low and at the same time fuel the competition so much that many low volume competitors had to close shop (Womack et al, 1990). A more modern example is of Toyota which has revolutionized the manufacturing industry by pioneering and/or implementing systems like Lean, Six-Sigma, Kaizen, Just in Time to name a few. These systems were conceived primarily due to numerous constraints presented to Toyota in its home country, Japan, where land and resources were scarce and expensive (S mith, 2003). Employing these operations management practises has enabled Toyota to become the number one automobile manufacturer in the world, conquering Asian, African, European and American Markets alike. In the Services domain, operations management is playing an equally important role. Due to the differences in the basic nature of end product, the principles and their implementation differs in the domain of operations management. The input in service industry is intellect rather than raw materials. Therefore concepts like inventory management which is a key component in manufacturing operations management does not apply to services. Methodologies like agile development, distributed and collaborative working are of greater importance in service industry (Coram, 2005). International Business Machines (IBM), which is one the worlds oldest services based firms is a pioneer in employing market leading operations management practises in this industry. It makes uses of innovative tools to manage visibility, control and automation needed to deliver quality service, managing compliance and risk, and maximizing return on investments. It also provides software and implementation to firms operating in manufacturing as well as in services space (Johnston, 1999). Conclusion Operations Management is a key business process in any organization, whether it deals in products or in services. The principles or concepts of operations management and their implementation differ in these industries. Manufacturing industries rely on inventory management, capacity planning and production optimization techniques to innovate, maintain competitive advantage and safeguard sustainability. Service industry relies more on efficient utilization of its human resources and technology backbone for its operations management practices. In recent times it has been seen that a clear distinction between products and service industry is blurring and most businesses now offer a combinatio n of products and services to their customers. This trend is even evident in more traditional manufacturing industries such as Rolls Royce which is moving away from selling products to offering power by hour contracts in the form of leases. Thus integrated products and services is clearly emerging as a unified entity. Operations management will prove to be an integral business process and a key differentiator between leaders and followers in these changing times. References Slack et al (1995) Operations Management, Pitman Publishing: London. Voss, C.A. (1995) Operations management from Taylor to Toyota and Beyond?, British Journal of Management, Vol.6, Special Issue, S17-S29, December. Schmenner, R.W. and Swink, M.L., On theory in operations management, Journal of Operations Management, Volume 17, Issue 1, December 1998, Pages 97-113, ISSN 0272-6963 Gamet, J., Apple Beats Competitors at Inventory Turn Over, macobserver.com, Mar 2009 Available from: https://www .macobserver.com/tmo/article/apple_beats_competitors_at_inventory_turn_over/ Accessed: 21st February, 2011 Bayraktar, E., Jothishankar, M.C., Tatoglu,E. Wu, T., Evolution of operations management: past, present and future, Management Research News, Vol. 30 Iss: 11, pp.843 871, 2007 Li, H. and Li, L. X. (2000), Integrating systems concepts into manufacturing information systems, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Volume 17, Issue 2, pages 135-147, 2000 Volberda, H. W., Building the flexible firm: how to remain competitive, Oxford University Press, 1999 Pfeffer, J., The human equation: Building profits by putting people first, Harvard Business Press. 1998 Frohlich, M. T. and Westbrook,R., Demand chain management in manufacturing and services: web-based integration, drivers and performance, Journal of Operations Management, Volume 20, Issue 6, November 2002, Pages 729-745, ISSN 0272-6963, Chow, C. and Shields, M. The importance of national culture in the des ign of and preference for management controls for multi-national operations, mit.dspace.org, 2002 Rae, D. EasyJet: a case of entrepreneurial management?, Strategic Change, Volume 10, Issue 6, pages 325-336, September/October 2001 Slack, N., Chambers, S. and Johnson, R., Stratgeic Operations Management, 5th Edition: Harlow: FT, Prentice Hall, 2007 Johnston, R., Service operations management: return to roots, International Journal of Operations Production Management, Vol. 19 No. 2, pp. 104-124, 1999 Anon, Integrated Products and Services IPAS, University of Cambridge Available from: https://www-edc.eng.cam.ac.uk/research/knowledgemanagement/km1/ipas/ Accessed: 23rd February, 2011 Womack, J., Jones, D., Roos, D., The Machine That Changed The World, New York : Rawson Associates : Oxford : Maxwell Macmillan International, 1990. Smith, B., Lean and Six SigmaA One-Two Punch, American Society for Quality, 2003. Coram, M.; Bohner, S.; The impact of agile methods on software project management, 12th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, 2005.

Buddha And The Founder Of Buddhism - 1118 Words

â€Å"We are shaped by our thoughts; we become what we think. When the mind is pure, joy follows like a shadow that never leaves† This quote from Siddhartha Gautama, known as Buddha and the founder of Buddhism, is a perfect representation of Buddhist beliefs. Buddhism is a strict religion with various guidelines one must follow. The Buddhists believe that they are each born-again many times and their main goal is to end this cycle of rebirth. One can do so by living each life better than the last, in hopes of releasing____________ Siddhartha Gautama, Buddha, was born in Nepal, where he had a wealthy family with many luxuries, as well as being heir to the throne. Despite having it all, Buddha felt trapped between all the pleasures. When going†¦show more content†¦What exactly is rebirth? Rebirth is when the physical body can no longer function but the spirit of whom inhabits that body lives on and takes some other shape or form, whether it be a human being or an animal. If one does not have a chance to acquire positive karmic forces in that lifetime, they will be forced into the cycle of rebirth until they do so. When learning about Buddhism one question that comes up is, â€Å"What is the cause of rebirth?† According to Buddha, lack of knowledge creates desires. Having those unfulfilled desires is the reason for rebirth. It is when all unsatisfied desires are removed that rebirth with come to an end. To abolish all desires people must destroy their ignorance, they must devote everything to a practice focused on altruistic conduct. Buddha had also taught that unawareness could be demolished by realization of the four noble truths. To realize the four noble truths is to understand the true meaning of existence. Failure to do so is the main cause that makes us continue in the cycle. (need something else here) The four noble truths are: â€Å"The first noble truth of sorrow†¦ The second noble truth of arising sorrow†¦ The third noble truth of stopping the sorrow†¦ The fourth noble truth of the way which leads to stopping of sorrow.† (Spodek) These truths are a strategy that focuses on the drawbacks of life and offers a solution to them. They show that life is inseparable to

Conjugating Croître in French

In French, there are a few options for saying to grow. One of those is  croà ®tre  and is the subject of this verb conjugation lesson. Yet, you may also wish to learn or use the verbs  grandir  (to grow)  and viellier (to grow old)  as well. Conjugating the French Verb  Croà ®tre Verb conjugations are required to express the verb in the present, future, or past tense. For instance, growing and grew are English conjugations, though in French things are a little more complex. Thats because we must be concerned about the subject pronoun as well as when the verb is happening. Croà ®tre  is an  irregular verb, meaning that it does not follow a standard conjugation pattern. You will need to memorize these conjugations without the help of any similar verbs you may already know. Yet, once you identify the endings for  croà ®tre, they can also be applied to accroà ®tre (to increase)  and dà ©croà ®tre (to decrease). When studying these conjugations, watch out for the changes to the verb stem. Some replace the circumflex à ® with an I and in others forms, you will find a circumflex à » in its place. This is a rather tricky conjugation, so take your time. Using the table, pair the appropriate subject pronoun with the verbs tense. For instance, I grow is je croà ®s while we will grow is nous croà ®trons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je croà ®s croà ®trai croissais tu croà ®s croà ®tras croissais il croà ®t croà ®tra croissait nous croissons croà ®trons croissions vous croissez croà ®trez croissiez ils croissent croà ®tront croissaient The Present Participle of  Croà ®tre The  present participle  of  croà ®tre is  croissant. This is a verb, though in some circumstances its also an adjective, gerund, or noun. A Past Tense Form of  Croà ®tre The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common way to form the past tense in French. To create it, first conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match the subject, then add the  past participle  crà ». As an example I grew becomes jai crà » and we grew is nous avons  crà ». More Simple Croà ®tre  Conjugations to Know The conjugations explained above should be the focus of your French studies at first. As you progress, you may also need or encounter one of the following forms of  croà ®tre. The subjunctive verb form will apply when the action of growing is in some way questionable or uncertain. Likewise, the conditional form is reserved for the times when the action may or may not happen because its dependent on certain conditions. Its likely that you will only see or use the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive in formal writing. In this case, being able to recognize these forms as croà ®tre  is most important, especially with the change to à ». Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je croisse croà ®trais crà »s crà »sse tu croisses croà ®trais crà »s crà »sses il croisse croà ®trait crà »t crà »t nous croissions croà ®trions crà »mes crà »ssions vous croissiez croà ®triez crà »tes crà »ssiez ils croissent croà ®traient crà »rent crà »ssent There may also be times when you need to use  croà ®tre  in the imperative verb form. When doing so, you do not have to include the subject pronoun: use croà ®s rather than tu croà ®s. Imperative (tu) croà ®s (nous) croissons (vous) croissez

Hashshashin The Assassins of Persia

The Hashshashin, the original assassins, first got their start in  Persia, Syria, and Turkey and eventually spread to the rest of the Middle East, taking down political and financial rivals alike before their organization fell in the mid-1200s.   In the modern world, the word assassin denotes a mysterious figure in the shadows, bent on murder for purely political reasons rather than for love or money. Amazingly enough, that usage hasnt changed too much since the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries, when the Assassins of Persia struck fear and daggers into the hearts of the regions political and religious leaders. Origin of the Word Hashshashin Nobody knows with certainty where the name Hashshashin or Assassin came from. The most commonly-repeated theory holds that the word comes from the Arabic  hashishi, meaning hashish users. Chroniclers including  Marco Polo  claimed that the followers of Sabbah committed their political murders while under the influence of drugs, hence the derogatory nickname. However, this etymology may well have arisen after the name itself, as a creative attempt to explain its origins. In any case, Hasan-i Sabbah strictly interpreted the Korans injunction against intoxicants. A more convincing explanation cites the Egyptian Arabic word  hashasheen, meaning noisy people or troublemakers. Early History of the Assassins The Assassins library was destroyed when their fortress fell in 1256, so we do not have any original sources on their history from their own perspective. Most documentation of their existence that has survived  come from their enemies, or from fanciful second- or third-hand European accounts. However, we know that the Assassins were a branch of the Ismaili sect of Shia Islam. The founder of the Assassins was a Nizari Ismaili missionary called Hasan-i Sabbah, who infiltrated the castle at Alamut with his followers and bloodlessly ousted the resident king of Daylam in 1090. From this mountaintop fortress, Sabbah and his faithful followers established a network of strongholds and challenged the ruling Seljuk Turks, Sunni Muslims who controlled Persia at the time—Sabbahs group became known as the Hashshashin, or Assassins in English. In order to get rid of anti-Nizari rulers, clerics, and officials, the Assassins would carefully study the languages and cultures of their targets. An operative would then infiltrate the court or inner circle of the intended victim, sometimes serving for years as an advisor or servant; at an opportune moment, the Assassin would stab the  sultan, vizier, or mullah with a dagger in a surprise attack. Assassins were promised a place in Paradise following their martyrdom, which generally took place shortly after the attack—so they often did it mercilessly. As a result, officials throughout the Middle East were terrified of these surprise attacks; many took to wearing armor or chain-mail shirts under their clothes, just in case. The Assassins Victims For the most part, the Assassins victims were Seljuk Turks or their allies. The first and one of the best-known was Nizam al-Mulk, a Persian who served as vizier to the Seljuk court. He was killed in October of 1092 by an Assassin disguised as a Sufi mystic, and a Sunni caliph  named Mustarshid fell to Assassin daggers in 1131 during a succession dispute. In 1213, the sharif of the holy city of Mecca lost his cousin to an Assassin. He was particularly upset about the attack because this cousin closely resembled him. Convinced that he was the real target, he took all Persian and Syrian pilgrims hostage until a rich lady from Alamut paid their ransom. As Shiites, many Persians had long felt mistreated by the Arabic Sunni Muslims who controlled the Caliphate for centuries. When the power of the caliphs faltered in the 10th to 11th centuries, and Christian Crusaders began to attack their outposts in the eastern Mediterranean, the Shia thought their moment had come. However, a new menace arose to the east in the form of the newly-converted Turks. Fervent in their beliefs and militarily powerful, the Sunni Seljuks took control of a vast region including Persia. Outnumbered, the Nizari Shia could not defeat them in open battle. From a series of mountaintop fortresses in Persia and Syria, however, they could assassinate Seljuk leaders and strike fear into their allies. The Advance of the Mongols In 1219, the ruler of Khwarezm, in what is now Uzbekistan, made a huge mistake. He had a group of Mongol traders murdered in his city. Genghis Khan was furious at this affront and led his army into Central Asia to punish Khwarezm. Prudently, the leader of the Assassins pledged loyalty to the Mongols at that time—by 1237, the Mongols had conquered most of Central Asia. All of Persia had fallen except for the strongholds of the Assassins—perhaps as many as 100 mountain fortresses.   The Assassins had enjoyed a relatively free hand in the region between the Mongols 1219 conquest of Kwarezm and the 1250s. The Mongols were focusing elsewhere and ruled lightly. However, Genghis Khans grandson Mongke Khan grew determined to conquer the Islamic lands by taking Baghdad, the seat of the caliphate. Fearful of this renewed interest in his region, the Assassin leader sent a team to kill Mongke. They were supposed to pretend to offer submission to the Mongol khan and then stab him. Mongkes guards suspected treachery and turned the Assassins away, but the damage was done. Mongke was determined to end the threat of the Assassins once and for all. The Downfall of the Assassins Mongke Khans brother Hulagu set out to besiege the Assassins in their primary fortress at Alamut where the sect leader who ordered the attack on Mongke had been killed by his own followers for drunkenness, and his rather useless son now held power. The Mongols threw all of their military might against Alamut while also offering clemency if the Assassin leader would surrender. On November 19, 1256, he did so. Hulagu paraded the captured leader in front of all the remaining strongholds and one by one they capitulated. The Mongols tore down the castles at Alamut and other places so that the Assassins could not take refuge and regroup there. The following year, the former Assassin leader asked permission to travel to Karakoram, the Mongol capital, in order to offer his submission to Mongke Khan in person. After the arduous journey, he arrived but was denied an audience. Instead, he and his followers were taken out into the surrounding mountains and killed. It was the end of the Assassins. Further Reading assassin, n. OED Online, Oxford University Press, September 2019.  Shahid, Natasha. 2016. Sectarianist writings in Islam: Prejudice against the Hashshashin in 12th and 13th century Muslim historiography. International Journal of Arts Sciences 9.3 (2016): 437–448.Van Engleland, Anicà ©e. Assassins (Hashshashin). Religion and Violence: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict from Antiquity to the Present. Ed. Ross, Jeffrey Ian. London: Routledge, 2011. 78–82.

Deterrence Theory And Its Effect On The Individual s...

Deterrence theory is influential in understanding shoplifting, but many shortcomings in this perspective should be addressed to encompass the crime. Deterrence theory understands that when there is a low likelihood of getting caught or the punishment is minimal it will not deter the individual from the crime. This theory theorizes the individual as a rational actor who understand the penalties and can logically think and control their actions accordingly. Shoplifters may not be informed of the likelihood of detection, risks, or other punishments of the crime. In this theory: Perceptions of sanction threats are not strongly related to the actual levels of punishment [which] does not speak well of the ability of the criminal justice system to regulate criminal conduct through policies aimed at making punishment more certain, severe, or swift (Paternoster 2010:810) It is difficult to support the degree a deterrent effect can change the individual’s perception of the costs in committing the crime. Policy studies about the policing of â€Å"hot spots† and police â€Å"crackdowns† do generally show that there is at least an initial general deterrent effect in response to the enhanced presence of the police and police actions, and that offenders rationally readjust their perceptions of the risk of sanctions and reduce their offending (Paternoster 2010:819). Overall, for deterrence theory to work well, the shoplifter must be tempted by the immediate gains of committing the crime andShow MoreRelatedPolice Corruption within XYZ Organization E ssay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesasserted that experiences in police corruption undermine public perceptions of police trustworthiness, procedural justice, and effectiveness (Tankebe, 2010, p.297). To address this issue, I have identified two potential strategies aimed at reducing the prevalence of these instances. I will be using a blend of two criminological theories. The two theories that I would like to blend is the deterrence theory and the self-control theory. A blend of the two allows us to apply a direct application acrossRead MoreDeterrence And Rational Choice Theory748 Words   |  3 Pages In the following paragraphs, deterrence and rational choice theory, two important ideas, will be discussed. Deterrence theory argues that people are more likely to be dissuaded from committing crimes due to fear of being caught, rather than using a moral sense of what is right and what is the wrong thing to do. The three elements of the deterrent effect of punish relies on the severity , certainty, and celerity of the punishment (Lab, 2016). General deterrence is designed to impact more thanRead MoreContemporary Utilization Of Classical Perspective1575 Words   |  7 Pagesexplain the contemporary utilization of the classical perspective of criminology. Deterrence theory, rational choice theory, routine activities theory, and lifestyle theory will be explained and defined thoroughly detailing each theory and provide a historical background, theorist(s) involved, prior literature, scientific methods, results, personal opinions, and policy implications for each theory. These theories are still being utilized in law enforcement in present day enforcement of laws andRead MoreRational Choice, Deterrence, Incapacitation and Just Desert Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesRational Choice, Deterrence, Incapacitation and Just Desert In seeking to answer the question, Why do people engage in deviant and/or criminal acts?, many researchers, as well as the general public, have begun to focus on the element of personal choice. An understanding of personal choice is commonly based in a conception of rationality or rational choice. These conceptions are rooted in the analysis of human behavior developed by the early classical theorists, CesareRead MoreDeterrence And The Death Penalty3425 Words   |  14 PagesRunning head: Deterrence and the Deterrence and the Death Penalty Sherelle Gordon Virginia State University Deterrence and the Death Penalty The idea of capital punishment deterring crime is difficult to determine; some could rationalize that the death penalty should in theory stop potential murders from committing crimes. However, this rationalization has never been concretely proven. The research into capital punishment’s effect on deterrence is immense; however, the majorityRead MoreDoes the Perceived Risk of Punishment Deter Criminally Prone Individuals - Rational Choice, Self-Control and Crime.Pdf14337 Words   |  58 PagesJournal of Research in Crime and Delinquency http://jrc.sagepub.com/ Does the Perceived Risk of Punishment Deter Criminally Prone Individuals? 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But isRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System3724 Words   |  15 Pagesthe criminal justice system, as it is constructed today, is doing enough to punish and to deter crime. It will also look to see if there is deterrent in punishment at all. To do this there are a number of theories that should be examined. This includes the following Deterrence theory, rational choice theory, and lastly t he positivist theory. The deterrence theory is a very basic, but overlapping theory to all of the others. We learn that at a very early age that reward vs cost is a critical thingRead MoreEssay Correctional Theory2516 Words   |  11 Pagesempirical evidence does not support rehabilitation (p. 23). By the mid-1970s, correctional policy shifted from one emphasizing rehabilitation to one emphasizing just desserts/retribution, deterrence and incapacitation (Cullen, Jonson, 2012, p. 22). The result of these â€Å"get-tough† policies, which sought to control crime through strict laws and lengthy sentences, was unprecedented growth in our custodial population, which we can no longer support, either financially or spatially (p. 1). EVIDENCE-BASEDRead MoreEssay about Decision Making by Criminals3039 Words   |  13 Pagesrational process is a heated topic of discussion when one asserts that crime is the role of choice. Before the classical school of criminology, crime was thought to be the product of the paranormal occurrence of demons, witches, ghouls, and other creatures. The time prior to the classical school of criminology, called the preclassical era, is divided in two parts. Before the time of state intervention into private matters, each individual dealt with violations of their rights. This was a problem because

What affects outcomes for students in education Free Essays

To find what might impact results for pupils in footings of instruction, we will look at a sample of larning theories to find which learning methods are most effectual, and the challenges it imposes on the instructors to guarantee the best results for their pupils. Basically in a primary school state of affairs, both the instruction methods and the environment of survey greatly affect the result for pupils. Through differentiated direction instructors can maximize the acquisition of each and every one of their pupils. We will write a custom essay sample on What affects outcomes for students in education or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are a figure of different direction manners and methods that instructors use to teach efficaciously. One method ; ‘Cognitivism ‘ , looks to research brain-based acquisition, and theoretically, human heads in most instances can understand the nexus between a image and text, this ‘understanding procedure ‘ that takes topographic point leads to larning which is unforgettable and more meaningful. Using engineering in instruction is instrumental in helping instructors adhere to the demands of the pupils successfully and force them to their single abilities. This is supported by the multimedia rule which states that â€Å" people learn more deeply from words and images than from words entirely †[ 1 ]( Mayer, 1989 ) .A However, it is non effectual to simply add words to images to carry through multimedia learning.A During an observation at an Australian primary school, the instructors would on a regular basis equilibrate utilizing ocular mentions ( engin eering included ) in coaction with the theory side of information in their lessons. In order to maintain up with the social/economical root towards engineering nowadays it seems that the cardinal end of a instructor is toA instruct including media in add-on to other techniques. Another popular method ‘Constructivism ‘ sees larning as a state of affairs in which the pupil is an actively involved in the building of new thoughts and constructs based on old cognition from their ain experiences. Based on the work of Jean Piaget ‘s theory of cognitive development[ 2 ], Constructivism is considered one of the chief theories of kid development. Developed by psychologist Lev Vygotsky ( 1896-1934 ) in Russia, Vygotsky ‘s Social Development Theory is one of the foundations of constructivism[ 3 ]. This theory concludes that each pupil is non merely a space canvas where the instructor is the exclusive supplier of cognition, but alternatively a pupil able to utilize any pa st experiences or cultural beliefs as a learning tool. Continuous illustrations of constructivism and cognitivism have been observed exercised in the Australian primary school. Inevitably larning manners will differ within each schoolroom nevertheless the three chief types of scholars that have been observed are Ocular, Auditory and Tactile. The best manner for Teachers to near these fluctuations is to learn in a manner that is good to each larning manner. Teachers who accommodate a scope of larning manners in their lessons are more likely to prosecute their pupils into larning. There are legion factors that can act upon a pupils eruditeness in a schoolroom, to state this is to besides reinstate that â€Å" scholars are affected by their: ( 1 ) immediate environment ( sound, light, temperature, and design ) ; ( 2 ) ain emotionalism ( motive, continuity, duty, and need for construction or flexibleness ) ; ( 3 ) sociological demands ( ego, brace, equals, squad, grownup, or varied ) ; and ( 4 ) physical demands ( perceptual strengths, intake, clip, and mobility ) †[ 4 ]This can be seen as rather a challenge for the instructors to maintain in considerati on whilst besides seeking to guarantee the best results for their pupils. Harmonizing to a sample of Australian primary school pupils, things that positively affected their acquisition were the schoolroom environment, the scope of ways that they received information and the ability to work in groups where everyone was at a similar degree. Children will most probably do better educationally if they have positive mentalities about their school ( Kennedy, 1988 ) . Using differentiated direction means utilizing a scope of attacks to heighten larning for all pupils by affecting them in activities in response to specific acquisition demands and dispositions. A important factor for pupil success is to understand that these differences can be addressed and used in a manner that is more good to larning. During the observation at a Primary school the wise man instructor explained how pupils were organised into groups harmonizing to their different ways of larning. An illustration of such was seen when working on reading comprehension ; pupils that had a much more accelerated reading degree were grouped together, whilst another group consisted of pupils that were a spot lower with their reading degrees, and so on. The instructor explained that if the pupils were wholly taught as if they were the same degree it would hold a negative result, but by learning to run into a assortment of degrees this result could be avoided. In general, a schoolroom with d ifferentiated acquisition may look unmanageable and helter-skelter nevertheless in world it is more planned out than it may foremost look. On the impudent side, whilst a instructor can utilize differentiated direction in their schoolroom, it is rather hard without support from the school and its decision makers. Time should be made available in the course of study by decision makers for proper planning to guarantee the best possible consequences in the schoolroom. ( Holloway, 2000 ) In kernel this ‘segregation ‘ is about supplying options and non merely giving the higher degree pupils more work. ( Tomlinson,1996 )[ 5 ].A A A A A This assorted research and observation supports differentiated direction and how it positively affects educational differences and demands of pupils. These instructors had evidently included a assortment of different larning manners of pupils into their lessons, which in this peculiar observation determined that differentiated direction was decidedly the most effectual method to guaranting the best acquisition result for pupils as a whole. All pupils deserve the chance to be booming in their single degrees, particularly when it does supply a positive result for their hereafter. How to cite What affects outcomes for students in education, Essay examples

Discuss the Role of the Concepts of the Seduced and the Repressed for Understanding the Place of Consumption in Contemporary Consumer Society Essay Example For Students

Discuss the Role of the Concepts of the Seduced and the Repressed for Understanding the Place of Consumption in Contemporary Consumer Society Essay ESSAY PLAN Environmental unsustainability / Vivienne Brown p. 115 Discuss the role of the concepts of the seduced and repressed for understanding the place of consumption in contemporary consumer society. This essay will give two sides to Bauman’s concepts and address the implications in order to ascertain whether or not the roles of these concepts do help us to understand the place of consumption, in what is increasingly being referred to by many social scientists as a consumer society. Consumer society is a term used by many social scientists, including Zygmunt Bauman, when referring to contemporary Western society. Hetherington argues that the conceptual shift away from the term ‘industrial society’ to ‘consumer society’ stemmed from the decline in traditional manufacturing industries in the 1980’s. This resulted in an increase in employability in the middle class service sector for the working classes, enabling the masses to afford and enjoy the trappings that were previously only attainable by the well paid and wealthy. As a result of this, class divisions were less obvious and consumption became a major factor in determining how society was characterised. 2009, p. 22). Bauman’s concepts of the seduced and repressed refers to his categorisation of consumers based on their ability to consume effectively in contemporary consumer society. Some of the factors taken in to account by Bauman for categorisation in to either group include: wealth, age, ability, disability, social status, freedom and discrim ination. Bauman argues that the seduced are the consumers that are able to buy into a particular lifestyle and are able to feel included in to certain social groups. Hetherington notes that Bauman argues the seduced are consumers that an display their perceived membership of social status to others by being able to purchase goods for reasons other than that of the function of the good itself. (2009, p 27). For example a ? 5 watch from a petrol station tells one the time, however, an ?80,000 Patek Philippe watch does much more than this. It is a non verbal means of conveying to others, the owner’s status as a wealthy individual. In this respect, Bauman’s concept of the seduced is similar to Veblen’s concept of conspicuous consumption. Hetherington notes that Veblen’s concept involves consuming as not nly a means to display to others one’s wealth but also as a means to join in, to be included in social circles of where the consumer feels that they be long. (2009, p. 33). However, consumers that have disposable income may choose not to fall in to Bauman’s category of the seduced for social, ethical or environmental reasons. For example, a consumer with the financial means of shopping for clothes in designer boutiques may choose not to be manipulated by media and buy clothes from local markets or second hand shops. An ethically minded consumer may choose not to buy items from the ‘big four’ supermarket chains, knowing that certain items may ave been manufactured by children in textile factories in Bangladesh for a pittance of a wage much like Lina (Taylor et al, 2009, p. 88). Therefore, by choosing not to participate; consumers are not necessarily of low status as Bauman would have us believe. As stated earlier, Bauman’s concepts of the seduced and repressed do not hinge singularly on a consumer’s ability to spend money, although this is a major factor in his argument. Bauman argues that consumers that fall in to his category of the repressed include everyone else that is not able to participate in being able to choose a particular lifestyle. According to Bauman’s concepts, a repressed consumer would include a consumer with ethical beliefs that would be forced to put aside those beliefs because of financial reasons. An example of this would be a single mother on a low income who although aware of the exploitation and working conditions that children in Bangladesh and similar countries are forced to work, in order to supply the likes of Primark, still has to clothe her children. Local markets with local products were possibly 15 years ago, the place to shop for inexpensive items. Those days have gone due to the power of the ‘big four’ and shops like Primark. For competitively priced items, there are increasingly less outlets for consumers such as this to shop. Another example of a repressed consumer is a consumer who, for environmental reasons, would prefer to buy locally grown produce from a farmer’s market rather than imported goods from one of the ‘big four’, and is unable to attend because of a disability. I. e. it may be virtually impossible to get around a muddy field in a wheelchair. Similarly, mobility in terms of transport may be the issue i. e if the potential consumer of the farmers’ market couldn’t afford a car or couldn’t physically rive through disability then they wouldn’t be able to access the market. As social networking sites such as Facebook are increasingly becoming part of people’s lives, primarily the younger generation feel it is imperative for them to have internet access to be included in certain social groups. By not having, or affording to have internet acc ess, social exclusions could occur, making the individual, as Bauman would put it, repressed. The same could be argued for older adults who may feel socially excluded, port retirement if internet access was not available to them. If Bauman were to categorise migrant workers in the U. K. , working long hours, in sometimes poor working conditions and for a minimum wage, one would imagine that, based on the concepts of seduced and repressed he would clearly categorise them as repressed due to the fact that they can not consume effectively. In contrast to this, one might argue that it is up to the individual to decide whether or not they categorise themselves in to either group and not for society to do so. A migrant worker on a low wage in this country may believe that he/she is actually seduced as he/she is able to provide for his/her family in their home country; enabling them to live to a much igher standard of living that if they had stayed in their native country and worked for a much lower wage. Being able to consume effectively in this case makes one realise that aspirations of levels of consumption become much more personal to the individual. Data from a study by the ONS, (2009. p. 24), shows that the average weekly household expenditure in the U. K. totals ? 372, (after the mortgage or rent has been paid). A total of ? 157, 42% of the total, is spent on items such as recreation and culture, transport and restaurants and hotels. Based on these figures, Bauman’s concept of the seduced would include the average U. K. family One could argue that Bauman’s concepts of the seduced and repressed are ambiguous in terms of defining categories and may just as well use concepts such as the rich and the poor, as with such concepts it would be assumed that the writer meant in terms of money where as the reader may refer to some sections of society as rich in time, e. g. the unemployed, where as wealthy entrepreneurs may be poor in time due to the long hours that they work. Vivienne Brown argues that as a global nation, we are increasingly consuming at a rate that is environmentally unstable due to the amount of waste that is being created y consumers, thus putting the future of the planet’s ecosystem’s ability to continue into the future at risk. (2009, p. 115). Based on figures compiled by the ONS, (2009,p. 112), real average earnings in the U. K. have increased by 50% between 1990 and 2007. If, based on Bauman’s concepts, the average family is seduced, then increasing expend iture on goods surely demonstrates that the social implications are that the world is becoming increasingly environmentally unstable. In conclusion, Bauman’s concepts of the seduced and repressed, although somewhat stereotypical does show a large cross section of society as a whole. However, as a role or understanding the place of consumption in contemporary consumer society, one may argue that there are far too many examples to contradict these concepts. Bauman has applied his concepts to a majority of particular sections of society and not taken in to account the views of individuals, rather generalising categories subject to their social group, age or ability. WORD COUNT : 1357 References Taylor, S. , Hinchliffe, S. , Clarke, J. and Bromley . S (2009) Making Social Lives, Introducing the social sciences, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Staples, M. , Meegan, J. , Jeffries, E. and Bromley, S (2009) Larning Companion 2, A Spark From Menlo Park EssayIntroducing the social sciences, Milton Keynes, The Open University. SELF REFLECTION I found the course material for this assignment particularly interesting. I felt that I understood the coursework. However I found putting my thoughts down on paper for this TMA much more difficult. I am trying to take on board the comments from my last TMA. Discuss the role of the concepts of the seduced and repressed for understanding the place of consumption in contemporary consumer society Bauman’s ‘repressed’ low income, disabled, loss of social interaction. Not able to afford to be manipulated by the media Bauman’s ‘seduced’ consumers with disposable income able to consume effectively. Identity. Belonging to a particular social group Ethnic minorities, older people on state pensions. Restrictions on involvement due to lack of finance Conceptual shift from Industrial to Consumer. Luxury items now available to the masses. Buying lifestyle Problem with concept. Individuals may choose not be seduced due to ethical issues or see through the media manipulation. Migrant workers seduced or repressed? Individuals choice? Social messages associated with consumption. Veblen Conspicuous consumption. Buying to show status within society

Nurse Leader Interview free essay sample

Leader Interview The nurse manager of the cardiac rehabilitation unit has been a formal nurse leader for the past five years. The conversation began with a discussion about her personal leadership style and how it evolved from a knee jerk style to her current democratic style. Being a nurse leader requires adaptation and flexibility. Administration, Medicare, and certifying organizations require changes to be made frequently to improve patient care. These changes are often tied to service reimbursement, so they must be initiated swiftly. Many difficulties surround the role of leader in today’s health care. Being unprepared for a management role, avoiding micromanagement, and maintaining clinical competency were the biggest challenges identified during the transition and continuing role as nurse leader. Open communication was the key to overcoming the personal and professional challenges of being a leader. Formal and informal power influences the success of the organization and the role of a nurse manager. We will write a custom essay sample on Nurse Leader Interview or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The nurse manager identified administration as a formal leader. Patients and her staff were recognized as informal leaders. Maintaining an open relationship with both formal and informal leaders is essential to achieving the organizations mission. Leadership Style As a successful nurse leader the nurse manager of the cardiac rehabilitation unit describes her style of leadership as democratic. According to Marriner Tomey (2009) â€Å"Democratic leaders maintain less control; ask questions and make suggestions rather than issue orders; and get the group involved in planning, problem solving, and decision making (p. 182). Staff must attend 75% of all staff meetings according to the union contract, these meetings are offered every month. During these meeting and during day-to-day activities she encourages the staff to verbalize their ideas and is open to implementing these ideas in hopes of improving everyone’s work environment and patient satisfaction. The department appreciates her openness and feels comfortable making suggestions for improvement. She confesses that she stills struggles with not falling back to her initial style of leadership; a knee jerk reaction. A leader using knee jerk leadership will respond to situations quickly without gathering enough information to make an informed decision or will make decisions based on current emotion rather than fact (Azaare Gross, 2011). This often leads to feelings of remorse and regret. She reports that after a knee jerk reaction she realizes what has happened and apologies to the employee involved, and makes a conscious decision not to repeat the offense. Being a leader means acting with integrity; doing the right thing and apologizing when necessary. Adaptation In addition to a change in leadership style the nurse manager also has adapted too many changes in her leadership role such as comfort with delegation, meeting goals of administration, and maintains certifications necessary for the department particularly the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) certification. The cardiac rehabilitation department is in a constant state of change because new guidelines for AACVPR and Medicare are issues almost monthly. Both the certification and Medicare guidelines tie into reimbursement so staying abreast of the changes and instituting them in the department requires the leader and employees to adapt. Administration dictates new policy and budget guidelines that a nurse leader must adapt to while preserving a solid working relationship with the staff and maintaining patient safety and satisfaction. Instituting so many changes to a department can and does cause stress and anxiety. If changes are not communicated effectively chaos ensues as employees struggle to understand their new expectations. To be a successful leader in today’s healthcare system one must be flexible, willing to adapt to frequent changes, and communicate effectively. Adaptation also occurs when a leader has to motivate employees. Each employee has a unique personality and needs. Leaders must to some degree adapt their leadership style in order to be effective. While one employee needs structure another needs space for creativity. Knowing and communicating with employees is the best way to know what they need to be happy and productive. Once an employee’s needs are identified the leader must do her best to fulfill those needs. Challenges One of the biggest challenges that this nurse leader encountered was being thrust into the management position with little to no guidance or instruction. This is a common challenge among nurse leaders, accepting a leadership role but not being given the tools and education to be successful (Horton-Deutsch, Young, Nelson, 2010). When she accepted the position of nurse manager of cardiac rehab in September of 2004 administration did not offer her any formal instruction or orientation. The previous manager left the organization abruptly, obtaining on an associate’s degree her education did not provide her with the skills she believed she needed. She reports a trial by fire, making many managerial mistakes but learning from each one. Being a nurse leader for her is about empowering employees to do the best they can. Part of empowering employees to work creatively and independently was avoiding the urge to micromanage the department. She identified delegation and avoiding micromanagement as a large personal challenge in developing herself as a nurse leader. Trusting that the employees were competent was not the issue; it was fear of seeming bossy or being perceived as lazy. Instead of feeling assisted employees believed their leader saw them as incompetent and unskilled. This was not the case the problem was eventually resolved with open and honest communication. Another challenge for this nurse leader is maintaining her level of clinical skills and competence. Most of her duties are administrative; staffing and budgetary. However, it is important to her to maintain her nursing skills such as starting intravenous lines, obtaining vital signs, and reading cardiac monitors. Reading research and practicing skills is important in order to continue to provide evidence based care and be a role model for continued learning. Formal and Informal Power As a middle management nursing leader there seems to be a constant struggle to balance and satisfy formal and informal power. The nurse manager identified administration as a formal leader in the hospital. The hospital administrations are always looking at the bottom line and try to improve the hospital as a business. Implementation of new ideas while maintaining a strict budget is a challenge instituted by formal power onto a middle management nurse leader. Frequent communication with formal leaders ensures that employees are working toward the mission and vision of the organization. The individuals identified by the nurse manager as possessing informal power are the patients and her employees. Patient and employee satisfaction is an essential component of a successful organization. If the patients are unhappy with their care or service they will not return; patients have a choice in where they receive healthcare. Without substantial patient flow the hospital loses revenue and eventually jobs. Patient satisfaction is absolutely necessary and priority for every nurse leader. Employees must also be satisfied with their work. Employees are more productive and provide better care when they are happy. Employees have an informal power affecting how the department functions. Informal leaders within a unit can quickly turn the department down a path of negativity. The behavior is counterproductive to the hospitals mission. Informal leaders also have the potential of improving a professional environment. These informal leaders can encourage education and excellence within the department. Recognizing the influence of formal and informal power is important for the nurse leader so that all shareholders in the organization can be satisfied. Conclusion While many leadership styles exist the nurse manager of the cardiac rehabilitation unit chose to use a democratic style in her department. The democratic style evolved from a knee jerk style that she found to be counterproductive, but used because she lacked the knowledge of how to manage effectively. After trial and error she developed a style both she and her employees were comfortable with. Even with a productive leadership style adaptation continues to be necessary. Conforming to new policy and guidelines established by administration, Medicare, and the accrediting agency the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation is a challenge but necessary in order to provide safe and effective patient care. The biggest challenge identified by this leader was initially being unprepared for a management role, learning how to avoid micromanagement, and maintaining clinical competency. While being a leader presents challenges this leader believes that through communication challenges can be overcome and from these challenges a person experiences personal and professional growth. A leader must also contend with the formal and informal powers within an organization. Meeting the needs of administration, staff, and patients all come as a challenge.

Essay on Strategic Planning Analysis National Institute of HealthEssay Writing Service

Essay on Strategic Planning Analysis National Institute of HealthEssay Writing Service Essay on Strategic Planning Analysis: National Institute of Health Essay on Strategic Planning Analysis: National Institute of HealthThe National Institute of Health is the biomedical research facility and the agency of the US government responsible for biomedical research activities. The institute conducts studies in the field of biomedicine to assess current risks and threats to the public health, develop programs of the prevention of those threats and elaborate on effective policies that minimize risks and threats associated with biomedical factors, as well as many other issues related to biomedical studies. At the same time, the National Institute of Health is an important agency that performs an important part in the development of the biomedical science in the US and conducts biomedical studies, which have a considerable impact on the development of science, health care and other important areas of the life of the US. In actuality, the National Institute of Health is the major institution in the field of biomedical studies but its position is still quite challenging because of its high level of dependence on government contracts and funding and the possible threat of stiffening of the competition from the part of private organizations and institutions.Internal and external assessmentThe internal and external assessment of the National Institute of Health involves the detailed internal and external analysis of the organization focusing on its internal strengths and weaknesses and external threats and opportunities (Corbyn, 2011). These factors have a considerable impact on the development of the National Institute of Health and determine its further progress.Internal strengths of the National Institute of Health are diverse and substantial. In this regard, it is worth mentioning three major strengths of the institute, including the solid scientific basis, human resources, and innovative technologies and equipment available to employees working in the institute. The solid scientific basis involves the available findings an d scientific developments in the field of biomedical studies, which are advanced and allow the institute to take the leading position in the US in biomedical studies. Human resources comprise the intellectual core of the institute because the institute unites the most prospective scientists working in the field of biomedical studies, who can work in the institute either as intramural or extramural professionals, i.e. professionals which are either employed directly by the National Institute of Health or which are contracted for specific projects respectively (Costello, 2010). In addition, the equipment available to professionals working in the National Institute of Health is, to a significant extent, unique because a large part of the equipment has been developed for specific needs of the institute and is exclusive that means that there are either a few or no similar equipment in other institutions in the US or even worldwide.Internal weaknesses of the institute are relatively few, but still they may and do interfere in the overall performance of the institute. Internal weaknesses of the National Institute of Health include certain bureaucratization of its organizational structure, the government control and, therefore, dependence on the government funding of the institute, and the risk of the poor communication within the growing institute. The emerging bureaucracy of the National Institute of Health is the result of the growth of the institute and expansion of its operations. The institute opens new units and departments but such growth raises the problem of bureaucratization that decreases the organizational performance of the institute. The government control and high dependence of the institute on the government funding limits its financial opportunities and, in a way, scope of studies conducted by researchers working in the institute, because they have to focus on specific tasks set by the government rather than on tasks and issues of their interest. At the same time, the expansion of the National Institute of Health raises the problem of the deterioration of communication between its outlets, units and professionals working in the institute. Communication gaps can also deteriorate consistently the organizational performance of the institute.External opportunities of the National Institute of Health are substantial and they open the way for the further progress of the institute to take one of the leading positions in the US. In fact, the National Institute of Health can become the leader in the field of biomedical studies and, thus, concentrate the major scientific projects in this field within the institute (Corbyn, 2011). At the moment, the National Institute of Health holds the leading position in the US due to the accumulation of considerable financial, technical and scientific resources within the institute. More important, the institute employs the most prospective scientists that puts it into the leading position in the fiel d of biomedical studies in the US.Another opportunity of the National Institute of Health is the possibility of the development of international cooperation that opens the way for the expansion of the institute operations and collaborations with global and international institutions. As the international cooperation in the field of science and biomedical studies, in particular, keeps progressing, the National Institute of Health has an opportunity to boost its cooperation at the international level and expand the scope of its operations internationally (Karp, et al., 2008). As a result, the institute can get access to international markets as well as international human resources, which can accelerate the development of the National Institute of Health even more.In addition, the National Institute of Health can attract professionals and research institutions for the further collaboration, including the development of projects under the institute brand for private companies, non-prof it organizations or states. The closer international cooperation can enhance the competitive position of the National Institute of Health in international markets. The institute can work on projects not only for the US government or US-based companies but also for international organizations, governments of other countries or private companies based outside the US.External threats include the possible risk of the competition from the part of non-government agencies, the threat of the shortage of funding by the government, and the threat of possible changes in the government policies that can make the National Institute of Health unattractive for scientists and researchers, who are not employed in the institute as intramural professionals. The risk of the growing competition from the part of non-government agencies and institutions is high because private institutions are progressing due to the growing interest of business to biomedical studies, since their finding can be used in dif ferent fields and bring considerable profits.Furthermore, the threat of the shortage of funding of the National Institute of Health by the government is quite high since, in the time of economic downturns, the government can start saving costs and the institute may become one of the ‘victims’ of such government costs cuts. The decrease of the government funding raises the problem of finding new sources of funding that is a challenge for the National Institute of Health because the institute has accustomed to rely on government projects and funding mainly.In such a situation, the change of the government policy is another threat, which is closely intertwined with the dependence of the National Institute of Health on the government.   The change of the government policy may lead to the reduction of projects related to biomedical studies or change of priorities. In addition, the change of priorities lead to the change in the focus of biomedical studies, while many resear chers work on their projects for years and, after unexpected changes of government policies and priorities, their projects may face the risk of being shut down that will put under a threat their scientific career.Competitive marketing analysis  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The current position of the National Institute of Health is quite strong in terms of rivalry because the institute is the government agency that relies on government contracts, funding and policies (Costello, 2010). On the one hand, such dependence on the government makes the position of the institute fragile, in case of the emergence of stiff competition from the part of private institutions and organizations. On the other hand, the National Institute of Health can count on the stable support and contracts from the government that virtually guarantees the institute the steady development in the future.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The current competitive position of the National Insti tute of Health is unchallenging but there is a threat of new entrants and emergence of substitutes, especially if other institutions will expand the scope of their studies and focus on biomedical studies (Costello, 2010). As a result, the government may just refuse from the National Institute of Health and prefer more universal research institutions that provide the broader scope of research and focus not only on biomedical studies but also on other studies as well. On the other hand, there is no institution in the US that has such a solid scientific basis in the field of biomedical science that enhances the position of the National Institute of Health because its re-organization or replacement by another institution would lead to the step back in the development of biomedical studies in the US. The US government is hardly ready for such a step back at the moment, taking into consideration the growing importance of biomedical studies in the modern science and medicine ().Identificat ion of stakeholders  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In actuality, the National Institute of Health has multiple stakeholders, among which it is possible to single out scientists and researchers working in the institute, the managerial staff of the institute, the government, other agencies related to biomedical studies, citizens, who rely heavily on scientific studies and findings made in the National Institute of Health that can help to prevent numerous threats to the public health in the US. Scientists comprise the core of the intellectual basis of the institute and they are the major asset of the institute. The managerial staff of the institute is also extremely important, taking into consideration the growing organizational complexity of the National Institute of Health. The government is the major customer of the National Institute of Health and, at the same time, its major source of funding and the stakeholder that determines the further development of the institute . Other agencies related to biomedical studies perform a significant part but they rather support the development of the National Institute of Health and cannot change it consistently. Finally, citizens are stakeholders, whom the National Institute of Health is actually working for. Biomedical studies conducted by scientists in the National Institute of Health or contracted by the institute for particular projects work for the public safety, health and well-being.Competencies and resources  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Core competencies of the National Institute of Health and professionals working in the institution are closely related to biomedical science. Professionals working in the institute should be proficient in biomedical science and have extensive experience in this field (Corbyn, 2011). At the same time, they should be able to develop and introduce innovation and success-oriented. Otherwise, they will be unable to perform effectively in the National Institut e of Health.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As for resources, it is possible to distinguish human resources, financial resources, and technical resources the National Institute of Health requires for its stable performance. Human resources comprise the main asset of the institute, but government funding is essential for its stable performance and retention of the personnel. As for technical resources, they contribute to the formation of a solid scientific basis of the institute and allow scientists to conduct their studies and experiments in the field of biomedical science.Current and future directions of the organizationAt the moment, the National Institute of Health sets the following goals to achieve:to foster fundamental creative discoveries, innovative research strategies, and their applications as a basis for ultimately protecting and improving health;to develop, maintain, and renew scientific human and physical resources that will ensure the Nations capability to prevent disease;to expand the knowledge base in medical and associated sciences in order to enhance the Nations economic well-being and ensure a continued high return on the public investment in research; andto exemplify and promote the highest level of scientific integrity, public accountability, and social responsibility in the conduct of science (NIH, 2014).To achieve the aforementioned goals, the National Institute of Health provides leadership and direction to programs designed to improve the health of the Nation by conducting and supporting research:in the causes, diagnosis, prevention, and cure of human diseases;in the processes of human growth and development;in the biological effects of environmental contaminants;in the understanding of mental, addictive and physical disorders; andin directing programs for the collection, dissemination, and exchange of information in medicine and health, including the development and support of medical libraries and the training of medical librarians and other health information specialists (NIH, 2014).The National Institute of Health holds the leading position in the US in the field of biomedical studies. In the future, the institute is likely to retain and enhance its position with the possibility of the international expansion.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, the National Institute of Health holds a strong position in the US and has the potential to keep growing not only in the US but also internationally. The National Institute of Health has a solid scientific basis and employs the most prospective scientists working in the field of biomedical studies. Even though the institute relies heavily on the government, it still has a considerable potential for the further growth and deeper cooperation with private companies, international organizations, and other governments.